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Benefits of Sport

The benefits of participation in sport and physical activity for LGBTIQ+ people are consistent with those experienced by the broader population, including benefits to physical, mental, and social wellbeing. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 44

Sports organisations can also gain from LGBTIQ+ inclusion through greater diversity in viewpoints, decision making, and leadership, new ideas for strategies and programs, and increased membership, volunteer, and fan bases. 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Many LGBTIQ+ people understand the potential benefits of sport, and want to be more involved, but they need sport environments to be enjoyable, safe, and welcoming. 1, 2, 7, 10, 12, 13

There are limitations to the type and amount of research available to identify and maximise specific benefits for people with diverse sexuality and genders. This is especially true for individuals from smaller groups (e.g. transgender or non-binary), or that factor in intersectional considerations (e.g. socio-economic, cultural, disability). There remains a need for more high-quality research to better understand and maximise the benefits of sport for all. 14, 15, 16, 17

Impact

  • Role of sport

    Role of sport

    The benefits of sport are maximised when participants find the experiences enjoyable and the outcomes meaningful.
  • Physical, mental, and social wellbeing

    Physical, mental, and social wellbeing

    Participating in sport can help people with disability to improve their physical, mental, and social wellbeing.

REFERENCES
  1. Game to Play? Exploring the experiences and attitudes towards sport, exercise and physical activity amongst same sex attracted and gender diverse young people,, opens in a new tab Dr Ryan Storr, Kerry Robinson, Cristyn Davies, et.al., Sexualities and Gender Research, Western Sydney University, (2020).
  2. “The Equal Play Study”: The Impact of Homophobic Bullying during Sport and Physical Education Participation on Same-Sex Attracted and Gender-Diverse Young Australians’ Depression and Anxiety Levels,, opens in a new tab Caroline Symons, Grant O’Sullivan, Erika Borkoles, et.al., Victoria University for the beyondblue Victorian Centre of Excellence, (March 2014).
  3. Team sports participation, depression, and suicidal ideation in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents,, opens in a new tab David LaRocca, Katherine A. James, Sophie Rosenberg, et al., Psychology in the Schools, Volume 60(4), pp.902-911, (April 2023).
  4. Engaged or excluded: LGBTQ youth's participation in school sports and their relationship to psychological well‐being,, opens in a new tab Clark, CM, Kosciw, JG, Psychology in the Schools, Volume 59(1), pp.95-114, (January 2022).
  5. The Well-Being of LGBTQ Youth Athletes,, opens in a new tab The Trevor Project, (August 2020).
  6. Sport, Physical Activity and LGBT,, opens in a new tab Louise Englefield, Di Cunningham, Ali Mahoney, Pride in Sports for Sport England, (2016).
  7. Inclusive Sport Survey: The Sport Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex People in the Australian Capital Territory,, opens in a new tab Australian Capital Territory Government, Sport and Recreation Services (April 2014).
  8. Evaluating LGBTI+ Inclusion within Sport and the Pride Cup Initiative,, opens in a new tab Ruth Jeanes, Karen Lambert, Justen O' Connor, et.al., Monash University for VicHealth, (2020).
  9. Non-binary inclusion in sport,, opens in a new tab T. Snape & Co., (2020).
  10. ‘The tennis club is my safe space’: assessing the positive impact of playing tennis on LGBT+ people in Australia,, opens in a new tab R. Storr, J. Richards, Sport, Education and Society, Volume 29(5), pp.521-534, (2024).
  11. Creating and Sustaining Workplace Cultures Supportive of LGBT Employees in College Athletics,, opens in a new tab George Cunningham, Journal of Sport Management, Volume 29(4), pp.426-442, (2014).
  12. Free to exist: Documenting participation data on LGBTIQA+ young people in sport and physical activity,, opens in a new tab Ryan Storr, Carleigh Yeomans, Kath Albury, et al., Swinburne University for VicHealth, (May 2024).
  13. ‘Game to play?’: barriers and facilitators to sexuality and gender diverse young people's participation in sport and physical activity,, opens in a new tab R. Storr, L. Nicholas, K. Robinson, et al., Sport, Education and Society, Volume 27(5), pp.604-617, (2022).
  14. LGBTIQ+ communities: Data sources,, opens in a new tab Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), (updated 23 January 2025).
  15. Older Australians who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or interses,, opens in a new tab Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), (2 July 2024).
  16. Research Matters: How many people are LGBTIQ?, opens in a new tab Marina Carman, Claire Farrugia, Adam Bourne, et.al., Rainbow Health Victoria, (2020).
  17. Review of LGBT+ Sport and Physical Activity Infrastructure,, opens in a new tab Scott Lawley, Sara Smith, Nottingham Trent University for Pride Sports and Sport England, (December 2018).
  18. The Power of Recognition: A Qualitative Study of Social Connectedness and Wellbeing through LGBT Sporting, Creative and Social Groups in Ireland,, opens in a new tab Nerilee Ceatha, Paula Mayock, Jim Campbell, et.al., International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 16(19), (September 2019).
  19. Gay men, well-being, and sport participation: A phenomenological analysis,, opens in a new tab Jake Quinton [thesis], Brock University, (2022).
  20. "I Get Treated Poorly in Regular School-Why Add To It?": Transgender Girls' Experiences Choosing to Play or Not Play Sports,, opens in a new tab DeChants, JP, Green, AE, Price MN, et al., Transgender Health, Volume 9(1), pp.61-67, (2024).
  21. Queering Indoor Swimming in the UK: Transgender and Non-binary wellbeing,, opens in a new tab Jayne Caudwell, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Volume 46(4), pp.338-362, (2022).
  22. Barriers and facilitators of physical activity and sport participation among young transgender adults who are medically transitioning,, opens in a new tab Bethany Alice Jones, Jon Arcelus, Walter Pierre Bouman, et al., International Journal of Transgenderism, Volume 18(2), pp.227-238, (2017).
  23. Examining Pride Cups as a health promotion resource to address homophobia in Australian men’s sport,, opens in a new tab Justen O’Connor, Ruth Jeanes, Erik Denison, et al., Health Promotion International, Volume 37(5), (October 2022).
  24. Exploring the relationship between homosexuality and sport among the teammates of a small, Midwestern Catholic college soccer team,, opens in a new tab Adams A and Anderson E, Sport, Education and Society, Volume 17(3), pp.347-363, (2012).
  25. Inclusive Sport Practices,, opens in a new tab Murray Drummond, Sam Elliott, Claire Drummond, et.al., Flinders University, Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre for Inclusive Sport South Australia (SA) and the Office for Recreation, Sport and Racing, (May 2019).
  26. The relevance of sexual orientation and gender identity in sport in Europe. Findings from the Outsport surveys,, opens in a new tab Menzel, T., Braumüller, B., Hartmann-Tews, I. German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Sociology and Gender Studies, (2019).
  27. Out on the Fields: The first international study on homophobia in sport,, opens in a new tab Denison E, Moseley L and Kitchen A, Repucom, (10 May 2015).
  28. The impacts of discriminatory experiences on lesbian, gay and bisexual people in sport,, opens in a new tab Symons, Caroline, O'Sullivan, Grant and Polman, Remco, Annals of Leisure Research, Volume 20(4), pp.467-489, (2017).
  29. Policing Gender and Sexuality in High School Sports: The Mediating Impact of Hearing Anti-LGBTQ + Language on High School Athletes’ Self-Esteem Across Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Race,, opens in a new tab Laura Wernick , Derek Tice-Brown, Yannick Kluch, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Volume 47(6), pp.504-534, (2023).
  30. LGBT+ Inclusion in Football in Victoria,, opens in a new tab Proud2Play for Football Victoria and VicHealth, (March 2020).
  31. Football, Media, and Homophobia: Public Framing of the First Pride Game in the Australian Football League,, opens in a new tab Merryn Sherwood, Alex Donaldson, Suzanne Dyson, Communication and Sport, Volume 8(4-5), pp.545-565, (August 2020).
  32. PSI Practice Points: Data analysis from the PSI National Survey, Best practice for the inclusion of people of diverse genders and sexualities in Australian Sport,, opens in a new tab Pride in Sport, (2023).
  33. Diversity in the Fitness Sector,, opens in a new tab Europe Active, (June 2024).
  34. Barriers to Participation in Organized Physical Activity Among LGBTQ+ Youth: Differences by Sexual, Gender, and Racial Identities,, opens in a new tab Benjamin Parchem, Jonathan Poquiz, Ryan L. Rahm-Knigge, et al., Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Volume 21(7), pp.698-706, (2024).
  35. LGBTQ+ Youth’s Experiences and Engagement in Physical Activity: A Comprehensive Content Analysis,, opens in a new tab Scott Greenspan, Catherine Griffith, Ryan Watson, Adolescent Research Review, Volume 4, pp.169-185, (February 2019).
  36. Physical Activity Disparities in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Youth Ages 12–22 Years Old: Roles of Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Athletic Self-Esteem,, opens in a new tab Jerel Calzo, Andrea Roberts, Heather Corliss, et.al., Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Volume 47(1), pp.17-27, (February 2014).
  37. 2022 LGBTQ Health Statistics,, opens in a new tab Pride in Health and Wellbeing, (2022).
  38. 2021 LGBTQ Health Statistics,, opens in a new tab Pride in Health and Wellbeing, (2022).
  39. Beyond Urgent: National LGBTIQ+ Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Strategy 2021-2026,, opens in a new tab LGBTIQ+ Health Australia, (2021).
  40. Snapshot of mental health and suicide prevention statistics for LGBTIQ+ people,, opens in a new tab LGBTIQ+ Health Australia, (October 2021).
  41. LGBTIQ+ communities,, opens in a new tab Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), (updated 4 March 2024).
  42. Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander LGBTQIASB+ people and mental health and wellbeing,, opens in a new tab Madi Day, Bronwyn Carlson, Dameyon Bonson, et al., Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), (2022).
  43. Experiences of belonging and exclusion in sport and physical activity for individuals of diverse sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in rural Australia,, opens in a new tab Oli Sophie Meredith, Chelsea Litchfield, Rylee A. Dionigi, et al., Sport in Society, Volume 27(7), pp.1022-1036, (2024).
  44. Participation, barriers, facilitators and bullying experiences of trans people in sport and fitness: findings from a national community survey of trans people in Australia,, opens in a new tab Sasha Bailey, Benjamin Trevitt, Sav Zwickl, et al., British Journal of Sports Medicine, (28 October 2024).

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Last updated: 03 July 2024 Content disclaimer: See Clearinghouse for Sport disclaimer

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